Guava Cultivation: Farmers can become rich by knowing the exact method of cultivating guava
Guava Cultivation: Apart from being a delicious fruit in India, guava has become an important source of income for farmers. With the aid of scientific techniques and cutting-edge varieties, its cultivation is already moving ahead of traditional methods and taking the form of a prosperous enterprise. If you are considering starting guava production, it is necessary to know the right guava varieties, soil, climate, and maintenance techniques.
Very cheap farming
One fruit that is loved by people of all ages is guava. It is beneficial for health as it is rich in antioxidants, fiber, and vitamin C. Its cultivation is very cheap, and it gives a good yield even with very cheap and less water. This is the reason why advanced guava cultivation is being widely adopted by farmers across the country.
Major advanced varieties of guava
Scientists have developed several improved varieties of guava in response to strong market demand and high production.
- Allahabad Safeda: It is characterized by good shelf life, pleasant taste, and white pulp.
- Sardar or Lucknow-49: It is a very popular variety, which has soft and juicy pulp.
- Hisar Safeda: Known as an early ripening variety in North India.
- Spotted and Striped Mango: These are tasty and attractive in appearance.
- New disease-resistant varieties: Apeel guava and Gwalior-27 guava, which are more resistant to diseases.
- Commercially successful varieties: Mridula, Shweta, Lalit, and Pant Prabhat.
- Kohir Safeda and Safed Jam: These are hybrid varieties, which provide higher yield.
Farmers can choose from these varieties that are best suited to their land and climate.
Proper method of cultivation
If you are starting to grow guava, then it is important to pay full attention to the orchard planting technique.
- Digging pits: Dig pits 75 cm deep and 5 x 5 m wide and long
- Use of manure: Fill each pit with 30-40 kg of decomposed cow dung and 1 kg of neem cake
- Soil filling: Add topsoil 20 cm above the ground in the pit
- Use of the middle area: During the first two to three years, the empty space can be used to grow pulse crops like soybean, black gram, green gram, or cowpea to generate additional income.
Ideal climate and soil
The best soil for guava production is considered to be sandy loam. The ideal pH range for soil is between 6 and 7.5. If the pH is higher than this, then there is a high chance of wilt disease, which can damage the entire orchard.
In terms of climate, guava grows well in both tropical and subtropical regions. The ideal temperature range for this is considered to be between 15°C and 30°C. Although the plant can withstand drought and low water levels, its production can be affected by extreme heat, strong wind, or waterlogging.
Prevention and treatment of diseases
Even though some guava varieties are resistant to disease, they still require regular maintenance and the use of biological pesticides. To avoid diseases such as wilt, stem rot, and fruit flies:
- Check the plants regularly.
- Make sure the drainage is adequate.
During fruit setting, spray with an organic solution made from cow urine or neem cake.
Revenue and market
An average 150 to 200 quintals of fruit can be obtained from a guava orchard planted in one hectare. Depending on the variety, size, and quality, the price of guava in the market can range from Rs 20 to Rs 60 per kilogram. Under such circumstances, one acre can yield 3 to 6 lakh rupees annually. Guava is also in great demand in the areas of fruit processing, juice, and jam.